Myopia is a visual condition whose main characteristic is the inability to see objects that are far away, as they become blurred. The higher the degree, the shorter the distance at which the person can see clearly, without the aid of glasses.
This is caused by a refractive error caused by an elongated eyeball or a very curved cornea. These characteristics alter the way light rays enter the eye’s lens and form images. Instead of the projection occurring on the retinal tissue, it is done in an anterior location.
Since the retina is where the nerve cells capable of decoding light into electrical signals for the brain are located, this mismatch leads to blurred vision of objects. Thus, what eyeglass lenses do is correct the entry of light rays so that they coincide with the retina.
Video: Is it possible to prevent myopia?
Symptoms
In addition to difficulty seeing at a distance, people diagnosed with myopia may also develop other symptoms. Such as:
- Traces of astigmatism (distorted or “blurred” vision);
- Headache;
- Fatigue;
- Red eyes.
Diagnosis
Myopia is diagnosed by ophthalmologists through routine examinations. The best-known method is the refraction test, in which the patient has to dictate the letters he or she sees while the doctor uses equipment to apply the effects of corrective lenses.
It is also common for pediatricians to examine children’s vision during their appointments. Especially among younger children, it is natural for patients to have difficulty identifying and communicating their low vision.
Risks
Although it is not necessarily a precondition for the development of other diseases, individuals with high degrees of myopia (above seven or eight) should pay attention to their eye health .
This is because they are more likely to develop cataracts (loss of the crystalline lens, the natural lens of the eye) as they age. In addition, they may also develop peripheral changes in the retinal tissue and, possibly, retinal detachment.
Likewise, there is still no conclusive evidence that the use of electronic devices worsens myopia. However, studies indicate that excessive and prolonged exposure to screens, especially by children, can predispose them to more severe myopia.
Treatment
During ophthalmological consultations, the doctor checks the degree of myopia. From there, the creation and use of glasses or contact lenses ensures an improvement in symptoms and, consequently, in the well-being of the individual.
In some cases, refractive surgery with laser ablation may be indicated to correct myopia. Although it is very safe, the technique is not suitable for all cases, as issues such as the stability of the degree and the characteristics of the cornea must be considered.
For surgical intervention, the eye must follow an adequate curvature pattern, must be free of disease and must be thick enough for laser correction. The doctor must also check for changes such as cataracts or glaucoma.
Care
Since myopia is a genetic condition, there is no way to prevent it. However, it should be closely monitored by doctors, especially among young people, as it is progressive and the degrees can increase rapidly.
Vision is directly linked to quality of life. Therefore, a case of myopia that is not properly monitored can cause educational and social harm.